Why Is Interprofessional Working Important To Nursing Practice - Free Essay Example

Inter-professional working is constantly promoted to professionals within the health and social care sector. Various terms such as interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and interagency collaboration working have been used to promote professionals to work together with the patient, carers, relations, services and other professionals (SCIE, 2009). This Paper will explore the importance of inter-professional working in nursing practice, due to nurses supporting and treating a variety of patients. This paper will discuss the general importance of inter-professionalism as part of good nursing practice, it will use examples of adult stroke patients and children who have cerebral palsy. These two conditions have been chosen because they allow the paper to explore two different age groups and the needs of patients who tend to have complex social and healthcare needs. There is also a wealth of literature available on these conditions which helps highlight the need for nurses to work effectively with other health and social care professionals, service providers and carers. Patients initially tend to see nurses either alone on arrival at accident and emergency departments, or in conjunction with a medical practitioner. Therefore, the duration of time that a nurse spends with a patient tends to be longer than most other health/medical professionals (Godfrey, 2012). Ward nurses who work on hospital wards, provide care and support to admitted patients throughout their whole stay. Thi s length of time spent with the patients allow them to be familiar with the patient, hence allowing them to recognise changes in a patients health and also to identify any new needs. Often, patients need to see more than one health/medical professional in their stay at the hospital, due to their health needs. Despite these professionals possessing specialist skills to support or treat specific health concerns that the patient may have, often the health recommendations that are given to the patient need to be performed routinely even when the patient is not in the presence of this specialist. Therefore, allied health professionals tend to advise, seek the support of, or hand specific recommendations over to nurses. This is often seen between nurses and physiotherapists in mobility recommendations, this is because nurses often have to mobilise a patient out of hours as recommended by the physiotherapist (Godfrey, 2012). This avoids the patient having to wait for a physiotherapist on w eekends, or to become frustrated due to being in one position for long periods of time and it also supports the overall hospital service aim of better patient outcomes. Similarly patients with complex physical issues, minimal mobility or neurological complications, such as stroke patients, need to be regularly moved to avoid pressure ulcers developing. In addition to this, regaining mobility gradually is often part of a patients stroke rehabilitation programme. Clear guidelines and training are given, as recommended by NICE, to nurses to perform safe moving and handling techniques on patients. These guidelines advise 2-3 trained professionals to move a patient who is bed bound, depending on the patients movement ability and weight (Jacob et al, 2007). If this is a stroke patient this needs to be done on recommendation of a physiotherapist (RCP, 2012). Therefore, it is important for nurses to communicate effectively with other health and social care professionals when moving and h andling a patient who may have complex needs, as nurses may need specialist recommendations by the physiotherapist, or the patient may have medical equipment attached to them which needs to be handled carefully or removed temporarily. Safe moving and handling techniques as part of a team effort not only promotes good health and social care practice, it also decreases the risk of injury to a nurse. This is particularly important as moving and handling injuries have been the most common causes of staff absence for a period of 3 days and longer between the years of 2007 and 2013 (Anderson, 2014). A key feature of hospital care is information sharing through ward rounds done by doctors and other health professionals. The aim of this is to provide patient care which can be delivered in a timely manner, but it also allows the multidisciplinary team involved with the patient to plan their future care and treatments. Nurses input via reporting to colleagues their judgement and observatio ns on the patients current health state is not only vital for better care planning in the future, but it is also important because nurses can often voice the preferences that patients have expressed to them, hence promoting the principle of patient centred care (RCP and RCN, 2012). Furthermore, due to the direct care ward nurses give on their shift throughout the day to allocated patients, they often recognise the general deterioration of a patients health and wellbeing before other health professionals and doctors. Therefore, it is extremely important for the safety and well-being of patients for nurses to liaise with doctors regularly to manage the change of symptoms as soon as possible. Even though patient care planning is revisited and documented regularly by health and medical professionals when changes are needed for the patient, formal multidisciplinary meetings allow improved outcomes for the patient, an example of an improved outcome is when Stroke Early Discharge Suppor t Teams can discharge patients earlier, allowing them to more likely be independent sooner in their daily tasks (Clarke, 2013). The multi-disciplinary team who has contributed to this evidence has consisted of specialist medical practitioners, various speciality therapists, dietitian, a care manager, nurses and sometimes a social worker. Nurses, due to possessing past history medical notes and the knowledge of relations who visit the patient, can usually provide the occupational therapist and the allocated social worker with information on key relations of the patient that maybe useful to contact prior to discharge. Also, nurses through conversation can gather information on the patients living situation at home. This is paramount in discharge planning for stroke patients as sometimes they are unable to communicate fully and clearly their living environment at home, as stroke can impact an individuals ability to communicate verbally and physically. Also, if patients have few or no r elations living with them, they may need home care via nursing staff or telecare equipment which can support risks of injury or allow individuals to alert emergency care services via sensory equipment when they have a fall or another stroke which results them to fall. Even though occupational therapists will do assessments of the environment which the patient resides in (EKUHFT, 2015), nurses can often give the therapist insight on any issue the patient has had in their stay at the hospital, an example of this may be that the patient has difficulty lowering themselves to sit on the toilet, the occupational therapist would usually request for a grab/hand rail to be fitted in the patients home to support them to do this action. Patient care planning via inter-professional working is also fundamental to children who have been born with Cerebral Palsy. Nurses with specialist roles such as Health visitors, provide a community based service to cerebral palsy patients and their families . This differs to the role of nurses on the ward as Health visitors review the health of the patient in reference to their living environment and public health needs, hence allowing them to identify the wider health needs of the family too (Alexander, 2014).. Due to cerebral palsy being a non-curable condition the child and the family/carers of the child will regularly receive treatments and support from an extended network of health and social care professionals and also educational specialists and support staff (NHS, 2014). Therefore, health visitors need to be able to create successful inter-professional relations with professionals who are external to the health and social care industry such as educational psychologists, by understanding the role and service that the professional is providing to the patient. It is also vital to understand roles due to the referral systems we have in the United Kingdom, both within hospital and community care. Furthermore, policies can differ bet ween the local authority, the NHS and private healthcare providers and the child and his/her family may have chosen to have a specific care package which the health visitor may not be aware of (Know your rights, 2015; NHS, 2013). Also, Health visitors often need to liaise with professionals who are not employed by the NHS or another private healthcare provider but by a local authority instead. This can mean the caseload is allocated differently, waiting times may differ and methods of referral may differ too. Therefore, to ensure that the patients transition is efficient and positive from immediate hospital care to accessing community based services, nurses need to be aware of the basic structure and logistics of other services. This awareness needs to be raised more specifically in the working environment for younger student nurses or graduate nurses who may not know the difference between certain professional roles, as despite accredited nursing programmes having modules or les sons in multidisciplinary practice covering the importance of knowing the roles of other health and social care professionals, sometimes there is confusion between specialists who support patients or service users with the same condition(s). A classic misunderstanding is a student nurse struggling to understand the difference between a mental health social worker and a mental health nurse, who can both work for community based teams and may be employed by the local authority (The Masked AMHP, 2012). The administration of medication is another role that nurses carry out in health and social care settings. The administration or preparation of medication is usually done by using the skills learnt from their training, instructions from the pharmacist or manufacturer guidelines. However, human error in the administration or preparation or omission of the medication can put the patient at risk of poor health or even death (NICE, 2014). Hospital pharmacists and dispensing staff function in a fast paced environment, hence processing prescriptions for medications that are needed for patients on the ward who vary in conditions. Some medications are needed urgently and human error can occur on the behalf of pharmacist or dispensing staff. Despite pharmacy staff recording clinical errors as part of their good clinical practise, nurses also need to be aware of these errors for the patients safety and awareness also needs to be raised to other nursing colleagues of the issue because the patients health may need to be checked regularly. . Furthermore, as doctors complete prescriptions for the request of medications, nursing staff only follow the patients drug chart in administrating the medication, hence it is vital for the nurse to understand what the doctor is prescribing the medication for (UHS, 2015). This is important to know as the nurse may observe patient changes after the patient has had the medication, which need to be recorded. To avoid error and to justify the ir clinical actions in medical administration of drugs, nurses need to be able to follow the advice and instructions of both the doctor and pharmacist, therefore effective and open communication allows questions to be asked and concerns to be raised, hence creating a strong working relationship. This protects not only the patient but it also improves working relationships between medical and nursing staff. Also, nursing staff and doctors caring and treating patients with cerebral palsy have to work using a comprehensive rehabilitation approach, which includes working alongside physiatrists who manage anti-spasticity medication and review medical complications associated with cerebral palsy. Hence, nursing staff need to have a broad understanding of the specialisms of the medical practitioners that they are liaising with, as often nursing staff liaise with several different specialists. To conclude, inter-professional working is clearly important for all health and social care sta ff, however it is extremely important for nursing staff because their varied role requires them to liaise with different professionals, settings and patients. Also, as nurses can now undertake CPD to specialise in areas such as such as stroke, diabetes, palliative care and disability, their role has changed from providing traditional nursing through practical care to now being able to provide specialist advice to the patient and relations on the management of the condition. (Niece McEwen, 2015). For nurses to be successful in their specialist roles they need to create positive working relationships with other health/medical staff, non-clinical professionals, carers/families and most importantly the patient. Furthermore, due to the demand of nurses in non-clinical settings such as homes and schools, for nurses to practice effectively they need to be able to understand the roles of professionals practicing in community settings as often these professionals can provide the nurse with how the patient functions in their daily life. Due to ward nurses providing care throughout their shift, usually to the same patients, the greater length of time with the patient allows them to have a better insight to the patient and their health whilst in care of that ward. This allows them to feed back to fellow nurses and other health/medical professionals any changes that need to be made to the patients care plans. It seems not only is patient care improved by inter-professional working but also the skills and knowledge of nursing staff is also developed by learning from other professionals, it is likely that in the future, guidelines will further advise nurses to work more inter-professionally with other professionals. Bibliography Alexander, C. (2014) Growing into the role. Nursing Standard. 28 (20). p. 63. Anderson, M.P, Carlisle, S, Thomson, C, Ross, C, Reid, H.J, Hart, N.D, Clarkle, A. (2014) Safe moving and handling of patients: an interprofessional approach. Nursing Standard. 28 (46). p. 37-41. Clarke, D.J. (2013) The role of multidisciplinary team care in stroke rehabilitation. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 17 (4). p. 5-8. East Kent Hospitals University. (2015) The Stroke multidisciplinary team. [Online] Available from: https://www.ekhuft.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/services/elderly-services/stroke-services/stroke-care/the-stroke-multidisciplinary-team Godfrey, K. (2012) Is interhttps://www.ekhuft.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/services/elderly-services/stroke-services/stroke-care/the-stroke-multidisciplinary-teamdisciplinary the new multidisciplinary? [Online] Available from: https://www.nursingtimes.net/opinion/nt-blog/is-interdisciplinary-the-new-multidisciplinary/5052155.blog Jacob, A, Rekha, R, Tarachand, J.S. (2007) Clinical Nursing Procedures: The Art of Nursing Practice. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Limited: New Delhi. Know your rights. (2015) 02. Your right to Health and Social Care. [Online] Available from: https://www.know-your-rights.org.uk/02.html National Health Service. (2013) Who Pays? Determining responsibility for payments to providers. [Online] Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/who-pays.pdf National Health Service. (2014) Cerebral palsy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" treatment. [Online] Available from:  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cerebral-palsy/treatment/ National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2014) Safe staffing for nursing in adult inpatient wards in acute hospitals. [Online] Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/sg1/chapter/9-safe-nursing-indicators#safe-nursing-indicator-medication-administration-errors Nies, M.A, McEwen, M. (2015) Community/Public Health nursing : Promoting the Health of Populations. Elsevier Saunders: Missouri. Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Nursing. (2012) Ward Rounds in medicine: principles for best practice. [Online] Available from: https://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/479329/004342.pdf Royal College of Physicians. (2012) National Clinical guideline for stroke. [Online] Available from: https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/default/files/national-clinical-guidelines-for-stroke-fourth-edition.pdf/ Social Care Institute for Excellence. (2009) Interprofessional and inter-agency collobration. [Online] Available from: https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2009/08/03/interprofessional-and-inter-agency-collaboration/ The Masked, AMHP. (2012) Maintaining identity as a social worker in a multidisciplinary team. [Online] Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/social-care-network/social-life-blog/2012/jul/20/social-work-in-multidisciplinary-teams University Hospital Southampton. (2015) Sect ion 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Prescription Writing. [Online] Available from: https://www.uhs.nhs.uk/Media/suhtideal/Doctors/SaferPrescribingWorkbook/Section1-Prescriptionwriting.pdf

Cyber Risks And Security Control - 1337 Words

CISOs have limited resources, yet cyber risk is growing Organizations need to know which security control measures matter the most – and know where to implement those controls in their expanding borderless enterprise. However, every control everywhere is not financially sustainable. A risk-based perspective, leveraging threat-based assessments based on attack scenarios, complements a traditional Risk and Controls Matrix, and empowers a more effective GRC program. Growing volume and sophistication of cyber attacks Cyber risks are constantly changing. Think about the rate of change in your business, its use of technology and the threat landscape compounded together. With the resulting change in threat means, motives and opportunities it’s†¦show more content†¦You must think of your organizational assets from the eyes of an attacker motivated by crime, espionage, hacktivism and even warfare. Cyber-attacks are in the news headlines, and are rising up on board agendas The National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) expects organizations to evaluate their current and future risks and to inform the board of emerging risks on a timely basis. Consequently, every company’s leadership team should periodically ask themselves some basic questions in order to understand cybersecurity risk as it applies to themselves; †¢ What are our critical assets and how do we know? †¢ What data, and how much data, are we willing to lose or have compromised? †¢ How should our cyber-risk mitigation investments be allocated among basic and advanced defenses? †¢ What options are available to assist us in transferring certain cyber risks? †¢ How should we assess the impact of cyber events? †¢ What are our Top Threats and how do we know? How should I use security assessments to maximize protection with scarce resources? Most security assessments fall into three camps. Each has its own set of strengths and weaknesses, and no single type is sufficient to protect an organization’s assets: †¢ Compliance-based security assessments †¢ Framework-based security assessments †¢ Risk-based security assessments. Compliance-based Security Control Assessments Every organization is subject to regulatory and

Fidel Castro s Courtroom Defense Speech - 1317 Words

This speech history will absolve me was Fidel Castro’s courtroom defense speech, where he displayed exemplary oratory skills, which made him famous. He was on trial for initiating a revolution against Batista’s dictatorship in 1953; he was sentenced to a jail term of fifteen years. Fidel Castro was later released after twenty months due to public pressure, and within six years he walked into Havana at the head of the Cuban Revolution. History has it that this was a four hours speech at the Court of Appeals of Santiago de Cuba. History should absolve Fidel Castro. His speech was powerful, moving and addressed the issues that plagued the nation. This paper shall seek to defend most of his ideologies, explain the importance and relevance of the speech. Fidel Castro in his speech portrayed the government as a very corrupt institution, in his words, he said that the entire government comprised of wolves and individual that of coward countenance; this was because he had been denied any legal aids. His demands for justice fell entirely on deaf years. According to Fidel Castro the head of the Government ‘Batista’ was a man full of treachery because he had led a coup against the then president â€Å"Gerardo.† Why was he being condemned for doing the same, especially when all he was doing was defending the rights of the innocent? Fidel Castro portrayed a very brave nature and had lived as one of the most adored personalities in the history of mankind (Conceived, 2012). Fidel Castro hadShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesUniversity of Minnesota and George Washington University. His MBA and Ph.D. are from the University of Minnesota, with a BBA from Drake University. Before coming into academia, he spent thirteen years in retailing with the predecessor of Kmart (S. S. Kresge), JCPenney, and Dayton-Hudson and its Target subsidiary. He held positions in store management, central buying, and merchandise management. His first textbook, Marketing: Management and Social Change, was published in 1972. It was ahead

Humor in the Halls of an Asylum in Ken Keseys One Flew...

Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, portrays humor in a powerful, obvious form. Usually, mentally-unstable people do not understand what it means to laugh and simple do not see humor in the everyday things other high-functioning people do. Their lives, lived tragically, consist of them wandering the cold bland hallways of the asylum. Forgetting how to live, they permit the harsh watch of the head nurse. The patients seem lifeless because they do not comprehend what life is. Since the good Lord works in good and strange ways, McMurphy arrives to help heal and save them all. He cures them by giving them the best medicine possible- laughter. He gives back the life to the much needed patients. At heart, becoming his sanctuary, allowing him to heal and escape while at the same time, healing his fellow friends. This novel involves a mess of symbolism, thus the issue in showing why laughter could be a key theme is vast. Look how many of the patients cant help it....theyre tired(52 Kesey) when in reality they are sick of the life they are living. With the aim of laughter as a healing agent, take a moment to look towards alternative influential writers and thinkers to tie along happiness and healing. Meridens dictionary says: laughter- n. a reason for merriment. With this basic understanding of this, laughter seen as merriment or feeling like success, hatred, liberation, and virtually the other feeling that can happen, it is straightforward to image in

Essay on Promote and Support Breastfeeding - 973 Words

Main Points According to the American Dietetic Association, â€Å"exclusive breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and health protection for the first 6 months of life and breastfeeding with complementary foods from 6 months until at least 12 months of age is the ideal feeding pattern for infants.†1 Breastfeeding has many benefits to mother and baby.1 Infant and children mobility and mortality are greatly improved due to the promotion of breastfeeding as an important health strategy.1 The promotion of breastfeeding as a health strategy also works to improve maternal mortalities and reduce overall healthcare costs.1 Breastfeeding for the duration of the first year significantly improves an infant’s overall health and chances of survival.1†¦show more content†¦erall school performance.1 Babies that breastfeed also have a lower risk for developing allergies and intollerances.1 The optimal nutrition breast milk offers is what contributes to the many benefits to baby.1 Breast milk is the ideal source to provide optimum nutrition for babies and it is able to transform its composition to meet a babies growing and changing nutritional needs.1 In the first few days of babies life, nutrient dense colostrum is produced to meet and infants nutrition needs and fit proportionally to their stomachs that are the size of a marble.1 Mature milk then comes in and offers nutrient dense and exceptionally bioavailable nutrients to baby that is easily digested.1 The nutrients in breast milk are ideally suited to meet a babies nutritional needs, for example a babies kidneys are relatively immature and the fairly low protein content of breast milk does not allow for an overload of nitrogen a babies kidneys.1 Breastfed babies do not need any additional fluids and the relatively low sodium levels allow for an infants hydration needs to be met while keeping the renal solute load l ow.1 Breast milk contains highly absorbable and balanced nutrients, the 2:1 ration of calcium to phosphate in breast milk allows for provide the optimum calcium absorbtion.1 Breast milk has optimum nutrient composition and is the ideal source of nutrition for babies for the first 6 months exclusively and with complementary food to or past 1 years of age.1 Mothers also benefitShow MoreRelatedBreastfeeding And Long Term Benefits Of Breastfeeding Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesemployers, clinicians, breastfeeding advocacy groups and federal and state legislators involved in policy change. Aim The immediate and long-term benefits of breastfeeding have been demonstrated. Mothers are encouraged to begin breastfeeding immediately after delivery, however mothers choosing to breastfeed find numerous challenges once returning to work. There are not appropriate accommodations to support nursing mothers in the workplace. Although there are laws in place to support accommodationsRead MoreInformative Speech : Lactation Consultant729 Words   |  3 PagesTitle: Lactation Consultant General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: After listening to my speech, my audience will become more familiar with breastfeeding and know the educational requirements of a lactation consultant as well as their role in the healthcare industry. Part I: Visual Aids Ways in which they inform the audience: Ways in which they label information: Details or cluttering: Use of white space and color: Use of type face/size: Part II: Speech Introduction I. (Attention-gettingRead MoreBreastfeeding For The Pediatric Population1360 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzation regarding breastfeeding has demonstrated that breastfeeding initiation rates in the United States have increased to 79.2%, although the persistence of breastfeeding has continually lowered posing a risk to both the mother and the child. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). This decrease in continuation of breastfeeding may be primarily due to ineffective communication, poor education, and inadequate support. According to Williams, Young, Kearney, and Keogh (2013)Read MoreWomen Should Be A Child s Feeding Schedule Should Not Be Changed909 Words   |  4 Pagesintimidated or embarrassed. Breastfeeding in public is one of the most controversial issues in society today. An issue which is misunderstood as a disrespectful act of indecent exposure, when in fact it is the most natural thing in the world. Women in restaurants, airplanes, and other public space s have been told to leave or to cover up while breastfeeding their children. Many of these mothers say they feel unwelcomed, uncomfortable and even intimidated. To society breastfeeding in public is disturbingRead MoreBreastfeeding And Childhood Asthm Qualitative Article Paper1413 Words   |  6 PagesBreastfeeding and Childhood Asthma: Qualitative Article Paper Breastfeeding has been shown to have a series of protective benefits against an extensive assortment of health problems that may occur in infancy and throughout childhood. Human milk contains assorted anti-infective proteins. IgA, cytokines, lactoferrin, lysozomes, and fatty acids are among a few of the protective components of breast milk. These anti-infective proteins, along with other substances present in human milk stimulates theRead MoreBreastfeeding And Support From Lactation Consultants1501 Words   |  7 PagesBreastfeeding and Support from Lactation Consultants The benefits of breastfeeding outweighs not breastfeeding an infant (Rollins et al., 2016). It is reported that an annual amount of 302 billion dollars is lost as a result of mothers not breastfeeding their babies (Rollins et al., 2016). In addition, refraining from breastfeeding has been linked to lower intelligence in the infant (Rollins et al., 2016). Furthermore, breast milk substitutes made 44.8 billion United States dollars in global salesRead MoreBreastfeeding And Long Term Benefits Of Breastfeeding Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesAim The immediate and long-term benefits of breastfeeding have been demonstrated. Mothers are encouraged to begin breastfeeding immediately after delivery, however mothers choosing to breastfeed find numerous challenges once returning to work. There are not appropriate accommodations to support nursing mothers in the workplace. Although there are law in place to support accommodations in the workplace these laws are not enforced and therefore it is virtually impossible for mothers to continueRead Moreevidence base Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesDisease Control and Prevention Location of source (URL): www.CDC.gov/breastfeeding/data/mpinc/index Owner or publisher: Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) Survey Describe (in your own words) the research database or collection of research including the purpose and the subject matter it covers: In 2003 Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) devised an expert panel to collect breastfeeding data. It is administered every two years to institutions to collectRead MoreThe Importance Of A Woman Breastfeeding Her Baby Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated information and advice given by midwives aiding into making the right decision. The intention of this essay is to justify in depth the significance of a woman breastfeeding her baby, conducting the benefits of both perspectives of the mother and baby. These benefits will be established, outlining the reason as to why breastfeeding is more effective. This will be done by covering topics such as existing nutrients in breast milk, protection of infection and disease in an infant, the unique physicalRead MoreBreastfeeding Or Nursing Is The Feeding Of Infants Or Toddlers With Milk From A Woman s Breast1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreastfeeding or nursing is the feeding of infants or toddlers with milk from a womanâ €™s breast. Some think the concept is disgusting and others think that it’s a natural, beautiful way of life. In earlier civilization, society didn’t have supplements for breast milk, such as Similac like in today’s society. Therefore infants and toddlers from earlier societies were much more nourished. Breast milk contains many molecules and antibodies that the infant needs to thrive more efficiently. In further

Privacy on Social Networks Free Essays

Network Sites (SNS) are websites that allow users to upload information to a public profile, create a list of online friends, and browse the profiles of other users of the SNS. The websites have membership rules and community standards. Users disclose identity-relevant information via their profile to others. We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy on Social Networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now This information is referential, directly referring to a person, or attributive, describing attributes to the data subject. Although most laws and regulations restrict the access to referential information, attributive information is not protected as such. However, the aggregation of large amounts of attributive information on SNS profiles poses new privacy risks, disclose identity-relevant information via their profile to others. Also, the privacy options in social networking sites do not work out in the way they are supposed to do. Keep your private life private! What does social network do? In real life, you have a circle of your friends. But what about their friends? And the friends of the friends of your friends? You can get to know people from literally any part of the world. That means you are sharing information with them. And that also means you are sharing a lot of information that you don’t want to share! Information spreads faster through a Social Network Site than through a real? life network. Information might be disclosed to a group of people unexpectedly, because the digital information is easily copied, can be stored indefinitely and is searchable. It especially harms users when information travels through different social spheres, and ends up with people whom it was not intended for. People have been fired, missed out on job interviews and academic opportunities, and been suspended from school for instant messages, wall posts and other messages they mistakenly thought were like private real world conversations with friends. Do not post anything in social networks that you won’t want to shout out in public. You can send private emails for that, but NEVER social networks. Social network is a place where you never know whom you are sharing private information with unless you yourself created the network! So be careful, stay safe! Applications and external links on social networking sites Have you ever used the ‘applications’ of facebook, myspace or any other social networking sites? Did you read the policies of that site about those applications? In most cases, the games or applications owners have access to almost all of your information that you provided in your social networking account. Moreover, they may also use them for commercial purposes. Some of these applications may offer you to participate in a survey to earn ‘credits’ or virtual ‘money’. You might, for example, earn some quick Farmville cash by answering a brief survey. Sounds a lot better than using your credit card, right? But you’re probably safer breaking out your wallet. TechCruch cites one instance in which players could win currency if they filled out such a survey. At the end of the survey, they would be asked to provide their phone number so that they can receive a PIN via text to get the results. Once they’ve entered that PIN into the site, they’re subscribed to a horoscope service for $9. 99 per month–something they won’t know unless they diligently read all the fine print. Ouch. The victims could immediately try to cancel the subscription, of course, but they could still end up being charged. Unwanted charges aren’t the only thing players are susceptible to: Social networking games make you a target for viruses and hackers as well. You will find a couple of threads in Zynga’s community forums in which moderators warn users against accepting any gifts or invitations within a certain game on Facebook. (They didn’t specify exactly what would happen if users accepted these buggy gifts or requests! ) Sometimes users also claim that a bug in the game wiped out all of their game progress. That can be pretty devastating for someone who has dedicated lots of time and money to it. Laws to minimize privacy threats Not all threats for privacy in Social Network Sites materialize and damage users in the same way. A risk analysis approach is needed to incorporate these insecurities into the analysis. The experts identified multiple threats for users of Social Network Sites. When these threats materialize, they become incidents that affect a certain amount of people. However, not all of these incidents damage users in the same way. The damage incurred depends on the type of threat and the perception of the user. Laws are directed at preventing the threats from materializing. More specifically, American tort laws create means for people to find compensations against the damages they incurred. Experts rate to what extent the tort laws address the threats for privacy and resulting damages they identified. The ratings of the various tort laws are depicted in illustration below. In 1986, Congress passed the Stored Communications Act as part of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act to address privacy issues attendant to the advent of the internet. Through the SCA, Congress intended to restrict disclosure of private communications by providers of electronic communications services. However, when Congress passed the SCA, the internet was in its infancy. The few networks available to consumers, such as Prodigy and America Online, were self-contained, and most people had never heard of the term e-mail, let alone utilized the limited form of electronic messaging that existed at the time. The World Wide Web did not yet exist, and it would be nearly a decade before the introduction of the web browser in the mid-1990s. Do you think the social networking sites abide by laws? Just because they are popular and big-game websites, doesn’t mean their policies are always convenient for you. The Privacy Policies of popular social networking sites were found contradictory to the Canadian privacy law. In July 2009, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada issued a report on an in-depth investigation triggered by a complaint from the Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic. Third-party application developers Deactivation of accounts Personal information of non-users Accounts of deceased users Uses of user information Facebook did agree to change their privacy policies to avoid being banned or may be sued by Canadian government. But did that really make any difference? The Privacy Commissioner herself expressed dissatisfaction with the result. â€Å"While Facebook took some steps to resolve privacy concerns, the Commissioner remained dissatisfied by Facebook’s response at the end of the investigation. She was particularly concerned about the risks posed by the over-sharing of personal information with third-party developers of Facebook applications such as games and quizzes. † [Source: News release from Privacy Commission of Canada; Ottawa, August 27, 2009: ‘Facebook agrees to address Privacy Commissioner’s concerns’] As having access to other people’s private information is getting easier, laws can do a very little to protect us. We, ourselves have to be aware of where our information is going and who can have access to it. How to cite Privacy on Social Networks, Essay examples

Cheating What Are Its Effects Essay Example For Students

Cheating What Are Its Effects? Essay Cheating There are many problems in the world everywhere we go. Businesses, school, homes. There is a big problem in schools, especially high school. Cheating is a big problem for teachers and a headache to have to watch out for. Teens have figures that it is okay to cheat because everyone does it. Dishonesty has become a big factor in today society, and this effects everyone in some way. Cheating effects everyone in some way. Cheating occurs everyday, in every school. Cheating occurs even in the nicest schools, including private schools. This usually occurs when someone does not study for a test or just does not feel like thinking. Also, one might do it because he knows he can get away with it. Cheating widely effects others also. Excepting cheating only sends a negative massage to everyone. We are saying that teachers don’t care, and you can get away with it. It shows how low out society has stooped to just get a grade. No matter what the motivation to cheat, the bottom line is that it is wrong. But today, so many do it, teachers have to watch even more carefully, and trust is broken forever. Trust is broken between everyone. In conclusion, we have faced the problem of cheating. We know it is there. But now the question is: What shall we do about it? That is hard because there are so many dishonest people who do not care in this world. For now, all we can do it tighten down on cheaters. And just don’t let them cheat. If everyone would guard themselves against cheaters, they might give up. Of course that means we can’t cheat off of others. We need to build back up our trust of people, because without trust our world will crumbleMythology Essays